Evaluating the associations between clinical signs and isolation frequency for individual microorganisms in patients with chronic periodontitis

Mucositis and peri-implantitis exert a significant negative impact on dental implantation success in dentistry. There are few studies on the association between peri-implantitis as well as mucositis and clinical signs of periodontal diseases. In addition, the role of normal oral microbiota in the emergence of these diseases remains debated. Therefore, the issue of long-term prognosis in dentistry becomes quite problematic. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the peri-implantitis as well as mucositis and representation of periodontal clinical signs and the isolation frequency for individual microorganisms from periodontal pockets. The study assessed 154 patients suffering from severe chronic generalized periodontitis who underwent dental implantation treatment. All patients underwent both a general clinical examination of the oral cavity, during which the oral mucosa condition and soft tissue architectonics were assessed, and a microbiological examination of periodontal pockets content, during which samples were inoculated using the author-proposed technique (patent for invention No. RU2794355), followed by microbial identification using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and PCR. It was found that peri-implantitis was associated with the exudate separation, bad breath and hypersensitivity of the teeth necks and roots, higher magnitude of clinical indices and more frequent isolation of Lactobacillus paraplantarum (p = 0.020), Neisseria weaveri (p = 0.020), Filifactor villosus (p = 0.033), Aggregatibacter actinomyocetemcomitans (p = 0.030) along with rarer isolation of Neisseria flavescens (p = 0.004), Veillonella dispar (p = 0.015) и Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.050). At the same time, mucositis was associated with tooth dislocation and more frequent isolation of Streptococcus mitis (p = 0.008), Streptococcus salivarius (p = 0.012), Actinomyces johnsonii (p = 0.046), Streptococcus gordonii (p = 0.032), Streptococcus infantis (p = 0.010), Acinetobacter pittii (p = 0.014), Veillonella atypica (p = 0.001), Enterobacter asburiae (p = 0.024) and with rarer isolation of Haemophilus pittmaniae (p = 0.049) (Pearson Chi-squared test). The study has demonstrated that diseases associated with dental implantation can be connected not only with a more frequent isolation of individual microorganisms, but also with certain clinical signs of periodontal diseases, which may later assist to develop methods for predicting risks in patients after dental implantation.