Analysis of Security Risks and Countermeasures in Olympic Games: Lessons from Beijing, London, and Rio

Security management is a fundamental concern in large-scale international sporting events, as it directly affects personal safety, economic stability, and social order. The Olympic Games, as one of the most influential global sporting event, face complex and multifaceted security risks. This study conducts a comparative analysis of three Olympic Games—Beijing 2008, London 2012, and Rio 2016—to identify key security threats and evaluate the effectiveness of preventive measures. The results indicate that terrorism remains the most prevalent security threat, while challenges related to food safety, transportation security, and economic integrity also persist. In response, host cities have implemented a range of strategies, including the establishment of centralized security command systems, the deployment of multi-level monitoring networks, the integration of technological innovations, and the enhancement of interdepartmental coordination and public participation. In addition, context-specific approaches, such as regional epidemic control and emergency response planning, have been effectively applied. The study concludes that future Olympic Games should adopt a comprehensive and adaptive security management framework that integrates technological advancement, intergovernmental cooperation, and public engagement to strengthen resilience and minimize potential risks.