Integrating Quantum Technology with Wireless NoC: A Review of Architectures, Protocols, and Future Directions

Abstract The convergence of Wireless Network‐on‐Chip (WiNoC) and quantum computing represents a significant frontier for advancing next‐generation many‐core systems. WiNoC enables efficient on‐chip communication through single‐hop wireless links, thereby reducing latency and power consumption compared to conventional wired Network‐on‐Chip. Despite these advantages, challenges such as congestion, security vulnerabilities, and energy inefficiencies persist. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how quantum principles such as superposition, entanglement, and Quantum Key Distribution can enhance WiNoC scalability, security, and performance. Recent developments in WiNoC design, quantum communication techniques, channel modeling, optimization algorithms, and cryptographic frameworks are examined in detail. The discussion further explores emerging trends in quantum‐assisted architectures that may leverage quantum computing to improve data throughput and secure transmission. Key research gaps are identified, including the limited scalability of quantum algorithms, the difficulty of managing dynamic traffic patterns, and the constraints of integrating quantum components within chip environments. Finally, the review outlines future research directions focusing on hybrid classical–quantum architectures, Artificial Intelligence‐driven traffic prediction mechanisms, and the establishment of standardized protocols for quantum–classical communication. Collectively, these advancements are expected to drive the evolution of secure, energy‐efficient, and scalable computing platforms.