Spatial distribution of the 2La chromosomal inversion in Anopheles gambiae populations across Nigeria: ecological associations and implications for malaria control

This study provides the first nationwide evidence linking 2La inversion polymorphism to ecological adaptation of An. gambiae in Nigeria. The inversion likely enhances vector survival across diverse habitats, contributing to spatial variation in malaria transmission. These findings have direct operational relevance for Nigeria's National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP), indicating that vector-control effectiveness may vary by ecological context. Integrating ecotype- and region-specific evidence into NMEP planning could improve intervention targeting. Continuous genomic surveillance will be essential to sustain malaria control gains.