Combined exposure effects and potential mechanisms of volatile organic compounds on liver fibrosis in the US population: An integrative epidemiological and computational toxicology analysis.

Blood 1,4-dichlorobenzene exposure is positively associated with an increased risk of liver fibrosis liver fibrosis in the U.S. population, potentially through PI3K-AKT and MAPK pathway activation. This integrative approach combining epidemiological analysis and computational toxicology provides new insights into VOC-induced hepatic fibrosis and highlights the need for exposure control and mechanistic validation.