ON THE ISSUE OF ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF COMPUTER MODELING OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF A STUDY OF THE KARATOMAR AND VERKHNETOBOL RESERVOIRS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN)

In recent years, Kazakhstan has faced serious challenges, both in terms of water shortages and the operation of existing hydraulic structures. Droughts have systematically reduced accumulated freshwater reserves, while the 2024 flood has led to the inundation of several settlements. To understand the true state of existing hydraulic structures and the water reserves in these reservoirs, as well as to forecast potential risks, the government has initiated a series of studies. In light of the increased urgency of understanding the condition of hydraulic structures, the authors address the issue of assessing the accuracy of computer modeling of the region’s reservoirs (using the Karatomar and Verkhne-Tobol reservoirs as examples). In this study, the bathymetry of the Karatomar reservoir was obtained using an Apache 3 drone. Kriging methods were used to study the relationship between modeling accuracy and line frequency. Reservoir models were built in QGIS and Surfe. Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and data from the Kazvodkhoz Agency (Kazvodkhoz) were used for shoreline analysis. The study resulted in an algorithm for determining the density (pitch) of hydrodrone lines for modern bottom geomorphology. The research showed that the accuracy of surveys of even lowland hydraulic structures in Kazakhstan significantly depends on the field survey parameters, and the hydraulic structures themselves have undergone significant changes over the course of their operation.