Artificial Intelligence in Public Healthcare: Examining Its Influence on Doctor–Patient Relationships, Clinical Workflows, and Professional Retention in India’s Digital Health Ecosystem

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming healthcare systems worldwide, offering innovative solutions to challenges related to accessibility, efficiency, and quality of care. This study aims to examine the role of AI in India’s public healthcare system, with a specific focus on its influence on doctor–patient relationships, clinical workflows, and professional retention. The research adopts a qualitative approach based on a comprehensive review of existing literature from credible academic sources, including peer-reviewed journals, reports, and policy documents. The findings indicate that AI has significant potential to enhance healthcare delivery by improving diagnostic accuracy, enabling predictive analytics, and automating administrative tasks. In the Indian context, AI-driven technologies contribute to addressing critical issues such as resource shortages, high patient loads, and disparities in healthcare access. However, the integration of AI also presents challenges. The study highlights concerns regarding the potential depersonalization of doctor–patient relationships, disruptions in clinical workflows due to technological integration, and uncertainties among healthcare professionals related to job roles and security. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that while AI can reduce workload and improve efficiency, its impact on professional retention is complex and depends on factors such as training, adaptability, and organizational support. Ethical issues, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accountability, also play a crucial role in shaping the acceptance and effectiveness of AI in healthcare. In conclusion, the study suggests that AI holds great promise for strengthening India’s public healthcare system, but its successful implementation requires a balanced, human-centered approach. Policymakers and healthcare institutions must focus on infrastructure development, skill enhancement, and ethical governance to ensure that AI complements human expertise and promotes sustainable healthcare outcomes.