Bridging the Hardware-Software Divide: A Dual-Language Approach to ECE Programming Education

The choice between C and Python for introductory programming in Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) remains a core curricular challenge.This paper presents a work-in-progress on the use of these two languages, arguing that they serve distinct, yet complementary, pedagogical roles.Preliminary research suggests that C is indispensable for teaching foundational, systemslevel concepts like memory management and hardware interaction.However, its complexity can be a barrier for new students.In contrast, Python's simple syntax and high-level abstraction make it an effective tool for teaching core programming logic and for engaging with emerging, datadriven fields like machine learning.Our initial analysis reveals a paradox: while Python-based courses can lead to better short-term student outcomes such as higher grades, they risk a more superficial understanding of fundamental concepts that are often abstracted away.To address this, our future work will focus on three key research ideas.We will first conduct a longitudinal study to compare the long-term conceptual retention of students.We will evaluate those who learn C first against those who learn Python first.The study will use several key metrics, including conceptual quiz scores, performance in advanced courses, and self-reported confidence.Second, we will evaluate the efficacy of a hybrid "prototyping-to-implementation" model, where students use Python for rapid algorithm development and C/C++ for final, performance-critical implementation.This will be assessed based on development time and the quality of the final code.Finally, we will design and assess integrated curricula that require students to use both languages to bridge the hardware-software interface, such as programming a microcontroller in C and analyzing its data output in Python, measuring project success rates and debugging efficiency.The findings from this research will provide ECE departments with evidence-based recommendations for designing modern, duallanguage curricula that produce well-rounded, career-ready engineers.