An Observational Study of the Correlation of Serum Magnesium and Glycemic Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between hypomagnesemia and glycemic status, as well as its association with diabetes-related complications in clinically stable patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Pt. B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India, over a period of more than 1 year. A total of 160 adult patients with T2DM were included after applying the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical history, examinations, and laboratory investigations were performed, including the measurement of serum magnesium and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Hypomagnesemia was defined as serum magnesium <1.7 mg/dL. Statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS software version 25.0, employing the t -test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Pearson’s correlation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age was 57.22 ± 11.6 years, with 59.37% males. The mean duration of diabetes was 5.81 ± 4.5 years. Hypomagnesemia was present in 21.25% of patients. Those with hypomagnesemia had significantly higher HbA1c (11.51 ± 2.25 vs. 7.99 ± 1.9, P < 0.0001), lower rates of good glycemic control (2.94% vs. 36.51%, P < 0.0001), and higher prevalence of nephropathy (26.47% vs. 10.32%, P = 0.015), retinopathy (47.06% vs. 17.46%, P = 0.0003), neuropathy (47.06% vs. 19.05%, P = 0.001), and diabetic foot (17.65% vs. 0%, P < 0.0001). A significant negative correlation ( r = –0.4) was observed between serum magnesium levels and HbA1c. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia was significantly linked to poor glycemic control and increased complication rates in this group of patients with T2DM.