Myocardial infarction in Russia (1994 and 2023 population survey data)

Aim. To compare the prevalence of myocardial infarction (MI) and the characteristics of individuals who have had an MI based on a survey of a representative sample of the Russian population (1994 and 2023), as well as to discuss the potential application of these data for the healthcare system. Material and methods. Data from the Russian longitudinal monitoring survey (RLMS-HSE) (8062 respondents aged 20 and older in 1994 and 12968 in 2023, of which 1140 respondents participated in both the 1994 and 2023 surveys). Results. Frequency of positive responses to the question "Have you ever been diagnosed with myocardial infarction?" in 1994 was 3,4% (after excluding those who participated in the survey twice — 3,9%) and in 2023-2,3% (2,2%); odds ratio (OR) 0,48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0,40-0,57; p<0,0001. A decrease was recorded among men in all ten-year age groups, and among women — in the age groups of 40 years and older. Among respondents with MI, we revealed an increase in the frequency (18,1% and 30,2%; taking into account age and sex, OR 1,8; 95% CI 1,2-2,8; p<0,007) and stroke (7,8% and 14,7% (OR 1,6; 95% CI 0,9-2,9)). Smoking prevalence among men in 2023 was lower than in 1994 (25,8% vs 41,3%; p=0,008), while it was higher among women (7,8% in 2023 vs 3,1% in 1994; p=0,1). The potential for applying these data to healthcare systems is discussed. Conclusion. According to a survey of a representative sample of the population, the prevalence of myocardial infarction has decreased; among individuals with prior myocardial infarction, the proportion of women, average age, and comorbidity rate have increased. Smoking prevalence has decreased among men.