Type 2 diabetes risk among families of diabetic individuals in Kerala: a community-based study

Background: Family members of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing diabetes due to shared genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors. Early identification of high-risk individuals using simple screening tools can facilitate timely preventive interventions. Objectives were to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes among first-degree family members of persons with diabetes using the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) and to describe associated sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 first-degree family members of persons with diabetes from selected urban and rural areas of Kerala. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire capturing sociodemographic variables, physical activity, and family history of diabetes. Waist circumference was measured using standard procedures. Diabetes risk was assessed using the IDRS. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and are presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Results: Among the participants, 54% were classified as having moderate risk and 26% as having high risk for developing diabetes according to IDRS. Higher risk scores were more frequently observed among older age groups, females, individuals with sedentary lifestyles, and those with increased waist circumference. Participants residing in urban areas and those belonging to higher socioeconomic strata showed a higher proportion of high-risk scores. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of first-degree relatives of persons with diabetes were found to be at moderate to high risk of developing T2DM. Community-based screening using the IDRS is a feasible and cost-effective approach for early identification of high-risk individuals and for guiding targeted lifestyle modification strategies.