Integration of 3D-printed simulation models into a PAG fellowship curriculum: impact on trainee confidence and curriculum acceptability

Introduction Transverse vaginal septum (TVS) is a rare congenital anomaly that poses significant challenges in pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) training due to its low prevalence and surgical complexity. Most PAG fellows may never encounter a case during their fellowship, underscoring the need for high-fidelity simulation tools to enhance procedural readiness. Methods Through 3D printing and silicone elastomers, a surgical task trainer replicating TVS anatomy was developed and integrated into a structured simulation curriculum using the Y-plasty technique. The curriculum was delivered during a PAG fellows’ bootcamp and included a didactic session followed by hands-on simulation. Fellows completed pre- and post-session surveys assessing self-perceived confidence and curriculum acceptability, including net promoter score (NPS). Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed rank tests and descriptive statistics. Results Thirty-six fellows participated, with 66.7% reporting no prior experience with Y-plasty. Post-simulation, median confidence scores increased significantly from 2 (“slightly confident”) to 3 (“moderately confident”) out of 5 ( p < 0.001). The curriculum received an NPS of 51.5%, indicating strong satisfaction and dissemination potential. Participants estimated that four simulation sessions would be sufficient to achieve self-perceived confidence. Discussion The study demonstrates that a single session using a 3D-printed and silicone-cast simulation model was associated with increased self-perceived confidence. The model was well-received and offers a scalable, efficient solution to address educational gaps in PAG fellowship surgical training. Future directions focus on expanding the curriculum to include other vaginal septum types and improving current model performance.