Representations of Belonging in Al-Shushtari's Poetry: The Poem "Tab Sharab Al-Madam Fi Al-Khalawat" as a Model

Arabic poetry has known, since its early beginnings, several fluctuations, which were contributed to by a group of different factors, historical, political, cultural and others, as the successive and distinct eras have imprinted each poem and each poetry with the character of its own conditions, and with the fluctuations of history between them, to show us the extent of the ability of these factors and conditions to change the depth of the poem, its form and content, and the variation of its artistic characteristics and its various styles, and it seems that the most prominent phenomenon that a reader of poetry can follow carefully in Arabic poetry is the duality of the self and the group in it, as Arabic poetry since its first beginnings was the subject of two scales, sometimes the scale of the poetic self rises, and sometimes it draws near, leaving room for the scale of the group of belonging. The research deals with the representations of belonging in the poem (It is good to drink wine in seclusion) by one of the most prominent Sufi poets in the Andalusian era, Abu al-Hasan al-Shattari (d. 668 AH), by presenting it in three main axes: tribal belonging to the group, psychological belonging to the group, religious belonging to the group, all of this by addressing poetic evidence from the poem on each axis and delving into its linguistic structure in an artistic depth that highlights this representation in this axis.