Territorial Mobility of the Population in the Regions of the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts

The article presents the results of a study of the migration mobility of the population of the Siberian and Far Eastern regions, changes in its structure. The information base of the study is the all-Russian population censuses for the period 2002–2021 and other open data of Rosstat. The main research methods are statistical, comparative and geospatial analysis. It was revealed that at present, the core of the permanent population of the regions is formed by local natives (born and permanently residing in a given territory). Their share in the structure of the population of the regions exceeds 60 %. The rest of the population of the regions – newcomers – is represented by layers of new settlers, transitional migrants and old-timers. The structure of the immigrant population and its changes are indicators of the mobility and survival of migrants. It is shown that in the studied territory the population of the Far Eastern regions is characterized by greater migration mobility. In comparison with the Siberian regions, they are also distinguished by a higher mobility of the rural population. However, despite their greater attractiveness for new settlers, migration losses in the Far Eastern Federal District are more significant than in the Siberian Federal District. A lower survival rate of the immigrant population in the Far East has been revealed in comparison with the Siberian territories. According to the 2020 All-Russian Population Survey, the directions and strength of the main migration flows of the indigenous population are presented for all the regions under consideration. It was found that during the period under consideration, the orientation of these movements to neighboring territories and to the west was preserved. In order to preserve the demographic resources of the regions under study, it is necessary to improve the standard and quality of life of the population of these territories. This will reduce the migration mobility of their own residents, facilitate the adaptation and survival of the arriving population.