Prospective study of bacteriological profile of indoor patient of respiratory diseases at tertiary care centre

Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of morbidity among hospitalized patients and are frequently associated with bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Knowledge of the local bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern is essential for guiding appropriate empirical therapy and improving clinical outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year from 20 January 2025 to 30 December 2025 at Rajarshi Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh. A total of 102 indoor patients admitted with respiratory diseases were included. Respiratory samples, predominantly sputum, were collected and processed using standard microbiological techniques. Bacterial isolates were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Data were analysed using the descriptive statistics and expressed as frequencies and the percentages. Results: Among the 102 patients studied, males constituted the majority. Gram-negative organisms were predominantly isolated. E. coli was the most common organism, followed by K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Most isolates showed higher sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics such as carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and higher-generation cephalosporins, while resistance to commonly used first-line antibiotics was observed in several cases. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant pathogens among indoor patients with respiratory diseases. Regular monitoring of bacteriological patterns and antibiotic susceptibility is essential to guide rational antibiotic therapy and to curb the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance in tertiary care settings.