Optimizing sPESI with heart rate threshold adjustments for risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism: A retrospective cohort study

Modifying HR thresholds within the sPESI model, particularly at ⩾ 100 bpm, and incorporating RVD meaningfully improves short-term mortality prediction in acute PE. These refinements may enhance clinical decision-making, especially in selecting patients for safe outpatient management.