PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF MALARIA INFECTION IN TWO DISTRICT OF SOUTHERN AREAS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

Background: Malaria remains a major global public health concern, causing over one million deaths annually. The burden is particularly high in developing countries, including Pakistan. Despite ongoing control efforts, malaria continues to recur in the southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa due to persistent socioenvironmental challenges. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and identify associated risk factors in Dera Ismail Khan and Tank districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Methodology: A community-based parasitological survey was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024. A total of 385 individuals wereselected through random sampling. Thin and thick blood smears were prepared for microscopic detection of malaria parasites. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic characteristics and potential socioeconomic and environmental risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors of malaria infection. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Out of 385 participants, 128 (33.25%) tested positive for malaria parasites. Higher prevalence was observed among individuals below 20 years of age (34.85%). Rural residents showed greater infection rates (36%) compared to urban residents (25%). Factors significantly associated with malaria infection included low educational status, pregnancy, presence of stagnant water near dwellings, and non-use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). Conclusion: Malaria remains a persistent health challenge in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Strengthened control strategies focusing on rural populations, environmental management, and improved community awareness are essential. Continuous monitoring of vector behavior, density, and susceptibility is recommended to support more effective malaria prevention and control programs