<b><i>A Multi-Dimensional Framework of Flipped Learning Adoption in Practical Skill Education</i></b>

Flipped learning has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach, particularly in the context of practical skill education. However, its adoption remains inconsistent due to the complex interplay of technological, instructional, and contextual factors. This study proposes a multi-dimensional framework to guide the implementation of flipped learning in practical skill-based courses. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature and expert consultations, the framework integrates four key dimensions: learner readiness, instructional design, technological infrastructure, and organizational support. Each dimension encompasses specific factors influencing the effectiveness and sustainability of flipped learning practices. The proposed framework not only provides educators and institutions with a structured approach to adopt flipped learning but also highlights the interdependencies among dimensions that are critical for fostering skill acquisition, engagement, and long-term retention. Empirical validation through case studies in vocational and technical education demonstrates the framework's applicability and potential to enhance the teaching and learning of practical skills. This study offers actionable insights for policymakers, curriculum designers, and educators aiming to optimize flipped learning adoption in skill-oriented educational contexts.