MODERN TRENDS IN THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF “GREEN” BUILDING MATERIALS

Research objective is to conduct a comprehensive theoretical analysis of modern methods for modifying lignocellulosic building materials (LCBM), including wood, non-wood plant raw materials, and composites based on them. The main focus is on overcoming the natural limitations of LCBM use, such as hygroscopicity, biodegradability, and low fire resistance, through chemical modification with organoelement compounds (OEC). Methods include analysis and synthesis of traditional modification methods; detailed systematic analysis of the mechanisms of action of organoelement modifiers; comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various methods and compounds. Results: traditional methods (impregnation with preservatives, fire retardants, water repellents), polymer impregnation and thermal treatment, as well as innovative approaches using nanotechnologies are considered. The mechanisms of action of OECs, classified by key elements: organosilicon compounds (OSC), organophosphorus compounds (OPC), organoboron compounds (OBC), organometallic systems (OMS), and multicomponent compositions, are analyzed in detail. It is shown that OSCs primarily provide hydrophobization and geometric stabilization, OPCs and OBCs address fire protection and biostability challenges, while polyfunctional systems (P-Si-B-N) combine comprehensive protection with minimal impact on mechanical properties. Special emphasis is placed on the environmental benefits and durability of modified materials that align with the principles of “green building.” The review presents recent advances in this subject area, highlighting the promise of OECs for creating competitive, environmentally friendly, and safe next-generation building materials.