Adolescence in the shadow of depression: A comparative analysis of life satisfaction, self-esteem and executive functions

Depression during adolescence is associated with notable deficits in cognitive and psychosocial domains, particularly in self-esteem and cognitive flexibility. These findings emphasize that MDD in adolescents extends beyond affective disturbances and involves disruptions in self-perception, adaptability, and learning-based executive processes. Integrating interventions that simultaneously target emotional regulation, self-esteem, and cognitive flexibility may enhance treatment outcomes and promote long-term psychological well-being in depressed youth.