Impact of tooth wear on oral health symptoms and quality of life: a population-based study

Background: Tooth wear is an increasingly prevalent oral health condition with a multifactorial etiology, affecting functional performance as well as psychological and social well-being. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of tooth wear, identify associated behavioral risk factors, and assess its impact on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the dental unit of Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College between July and November 2025. A total of 150 patients attending the outpatient department were recruited. Data were collected using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires covering sociodemographic characteristics, oral health behaviors, clinical symptoms, and OHRQoL indicators. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were applied to evaluate associations between tooth wear and potential risk factors. Results: The prevalence of tooth wear among participants was 85.3%. Significant associations were observed between tooth wear and aggressive tooth brushing (p<0.001), betel nut chewing (OR=3.54, p=0.013), and clenching or grinding of teeth (p=0.031). Participants with tooth wear reported significantly greater difficulties in social interaction (p=0.028), smiling or laughing (p=0.047), and performing major work activities (p=0.003) compared to those with no or minimal wear. Localized tooth sensitivity (70.6%) and fractured teeth (50.0%) were the most commonly reported clinical conditions. Conclusions: Tooth wear was highly prevalent and had a significant negative impact on functional and psychosocial aspects of OHRQoL. Aggressive tooth brushing and betel nut chewing emerged as key modifiable risk factors, underscoring the need for targeted preventive strategies and early behavioral interventions.