Cardiovascular Event Surveillance Following High-Dose Intravenous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy: A Single-Center Real-World Observational Study

Background: The long-term cardiovascular safety of high-dose intravenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy remains insufficiently characterized in real-world clinical settings. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational study of patients who received high-dose intravenous MSC therapy. Cardiovascular events were identified through follow-up records. Observed event incidence was compared descriptively with age-adjusted population reference data. Statistical analyses were performed using two-sided Poisson methods. Results: Among treated patients, a total of four cardiovascular events were recorded during follow-up. The observed incidence did not demonstrate an excess signal compared with reference population data. No clustering of events was observed in the early post-infusion period. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent findings. Conclusions: In this real-world cohort, high-dose intravenous MSC therapy was not associated with an apparent increase in cardiovascular event incidence. Given the observational design and limited event number, larger prospective studies are warranted to further characterize long-term cardiovascular safety.