Comparative Analysis between Rail and Shipping Transport from the Perspective of Adapting Human Resources to Current Economic and Social Requirements

The paper presents an extensive and comparative analysis of human potential in rail and maritime transport, including comprehensive statistical indicators, tables, conceptual figures, and a rigorous academic structure. The analysis uses data from 2022 to 2024 for the rail sector (CFR Constanța Branch) and specialized literature for the shipping sector, supplemented with statistical indicators specific to the port and maritime sector. The results highlight significant structural and demographic differences between the two sectors, as well as a number of common challenges: accelerated digitization, a shortage of young labor, and international pressure on professional qualifications. The results of the analyses on human potential management led to the conclusion that, in the near future, employee performance management will develop progressively, and performance-based compensation mechanisms will be of strategic importance. Based on these findings, the company's organizational structure will be reshaped to better align rail transport needs with available resources.