KPI-Based Evaluation of L2/L3 ADAS: Transient Phases with Human Reference

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) are rapidly evolving to improve driving safety and comfort, in line with the European Community’s Vision Zero objectives. However, current validation methods mainly focus on steady-state conditions and regulatory compliance, while standardized KPIs capable of capturing vehicle dynamics during transient maneuvers and relating them to human driving behavior are still lacking. This study proposes a KPI-based methodology to evaluate lane centering systems in both steady-state and transient conditions, using a human driver as a reference. New parameters—aggressiveness and smoothness indices—are introduced to quantify the dynamic response. Simulator and constant-speed vehicle tests highlight the differences between ADAS strategies and human behavior, providing insights into comfort and acceptance.