Critical Success Factors in Digital Transformation Processes

This paper examines digital transformation as a systemic and strategic process that redefines how organisations operate, interact and sustain themselves. It addresses the relevance of integrating technical or technological, human/social and organisational dimensions in understanding transformation outcomes. The study tackles the conceptual and methodological fragmentation in current literature which hinders the identification of comprehensive success factors. It discusses the key technological, human/social and organisational factors that determine the success of digital transformation when analysed holistically. The novelty lies in integrating the three dimensions into a unified analytical framework – an approach rarely explored comprehensively – bridging theoretical gaps and practical limitations. A systematic literature review was conducted under the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, selecting and analysing empirical and theoretical studies from diverse sectors and contexts. Results demonstrated that no factor operates in isolation; their coherent articulation is essential for achieving effective and sustainable digital transformation. This study concludes that context-sensitive interpretive frameworks are necessary for moving beyond an instrumental view of digitalisation. The implications call for coordinated action among policymakers, managers and stakeholders to enhance the impact and sustainability of digital strategies.