Metabolic profile and insulin resistance in early chronic kidney disease: focus on TyG and AI indices

Background. Early chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance. Objective. To evaluate metabolic and lifestyle risk factors in patients with early-stage CKD and examine associations between metabolic indices and renal function. Methods. A retrospective analysis included 123 adults, of whom 91 had CKD stages 1–3. Clinical, laboratory, and lifestyle data were analyzed. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index and atherogenic index (AI) were calculated. Results. Compared with individuals without CKD, patients with CKD had higher BMI, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). TyG was significantly higher in CKD (8.97 vs 8.66, p<0.001). TyG correlated inversely with eGFR (rho = −0.39, p<0.001). Smoking exposure was higher and negatively associated with renal function. Conclusions. Early CKD is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic profile. TyG may serve as a simple and practical marker of metabolic burden and early renal dysfunction.