Side Effects and Oral Findings in Patients with Comorbidities (Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus)

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are two comorbid conditions that are often encountered with risks of systemic complications and oral manifestations. This case report aims to describe the side effects and oral findings in a 39-year-old female patient with a history of hypertension who was taking antihypertensive drugs categorized as calcium channel blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, and alpha-2 adrenergic. The patient also has a history of diabetes mellitus and is currently taking alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and sulfonylureas. She complaint of enlarged gums in the upper and lower jaws and dry mouth, which she has felt for years. Panoramic radiography revealed trabeculation patterns within normal borders, as well as generalized interdental alveolar bone loss, indicating deep pockets in vital teeth 16 and 25. Laboratory tests showed uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1C: 11.3%). Results of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory Indonesian Version (SXI-ID) and Clinical Oral Dryness Score (CODS) measurements were in moderate criteria, and sialometry was below normal. The diagnoses were xerostomia, drug-induced gingival enlargement, and chronic periodontitis (teeth 16 and 25). Management consisted of hydration, saliva stimulation by chewing sugar-free gum, consuming fruits in large pieces, and a multidisciplinary approach.