Evaluating fracture behavior of bioinspired alumina-YSZ composites through static and dynamic mechanical testing

Ceramic materials are known for their high hardness and strength but are limited by low toughness and sudden failure. Inspired by the microstructure of dental enamel, which features undulating rods that promote crack deflection and energy absorption, architected specimens were designed and manufactured. A bespoke ball-on-ring (BoR) testing apparatus measured the static biaxial rupture strength of these bioinspired materials. Additionally, impact testing with spherical steel projectiles assessed their behavior under dynamic conditions. Monolithic alumina specimens were compared to architected alumina reinforced with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) rods produced via direct ink write 3D printing. BoR tests revealed that monolithic alumina had a Weibull modulus of 10.53 and a characteristic strength of 372.3 MPa, while the composite specimens showed a Weibull modulus of 5.46 and a characteristic strength of 213.3 MPa. Although the composite failed at lower stresses and projectile velocities, it exhibited notable crack deflection and fracture resistance, with cracks being effectively interrupted by the rod inclusions. The composite specimens also resulted in fewer and larger fragments upon impact. Finite element simulations confirmed the effectiveness of the rod structures in enhancing fracture resistance. • Bioinspired alumina-YSZ composites with additively manufactured rods. • Monolithic alumina disks exhibit higher Weibull modulus and rupture strength. • Alumina-YSZ composites fail at lower stresses but deflect cracks effectively. • Impact tests reveal fewer, larger fragments in alumina-YSZ composites. • Finite element simulations confirm crack deflection by YSZ rods.