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Floods are among the most damaging climate-related hazards worldwide, and their health implications are being amplified by ongoing climate change. As global warming reshapes precipitation patterns, sea level, and hydrological variability, flood events are becoming more frequent, intense, and spatially widespread, with consequences that extend far beyond immediate physical damage. This perspective synthesizes current evidence to examine how climate-driven flood dynamics translate into complex and interconnected risks to human health. The manuscript first outlines the physical mechanisms through which climate change modifies flood hazards, including extreme precipitation, coastal inundation, and cryosphere-related processes. It then reviews the spectrum of flood-related health impacts, emphasizing the interdependence between physical injuries and mortality, infectious disease risks, and psychosocial outcomes. A dedicated section examines how social vulnerabilities and structural inequalities mediate exposure, susceptibility, and recovery, leading to disproportionate and persistent health burdens among marginalized populations. Building on these insights, the final section discusses response, mitigation, and adaptation strategies, highlighting the importance of integrated approaches that combine early warning systems, disease surveillance, health system resilience, social protection, ecosystem-based solutions, and inclusive governance. By linking climate processes, flood dynamics, health outcomes, and response pathways, this manuscript advances a comprehensive framework for understanding flood-related health risks and underscores the need for anticipatory, multisectoral, and equity-centered strategies to protect population health in a warming world.