Real-World Evidence in Action: A Comprehensive Environmental Scan of Real-World Evidence Use in Health Technology Assessments Submitted to Canada’s Drug Agency From 2020 to 2024

RWE has become routine in CDA-AMC submissions, yet remains largely non-Canadian and limited in its applicability. More formal guidance on transportability analyses, quantitative bias assessment, and improved standards across clinical and economic domains could enhance evidence generation, submission quality, and health technology assessment confidence in clinical and pharmacoeconomic information. These findings may inform ongoing refinement of RWE checklists and expectations, providing a benchmark against which future use of RWE can be measured and tracked.