Research Advances and Prospects on Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological Effects, and Continuous Cropping Obstacles of <i>Pseudostellaria heterophylla</i> (Miq.) Pax

Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax, a medicinal herb from the Caryophyllaceae family, is known for its pharmacological properties, including its ability to replenish qi and strengthen the spleen. It contains active compounds such as cyclopeptides, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and saponins. Pharmacological research has revealed these compounds’ significant roles in immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer effects, myocardial protection, and intestinal repair. Currently, the P. heterophylla industry is constrained by challenges associated with continuous cropping obstacles. Contributing factors include soil acidification, microbial imbalance, and the build-up of autotoxic substances. Mitigation strategies include fallowing, soil sterilization, using microbial fertilizers, and crop rotation. This review offers valuable insights for advancing the development of P. heterophylla compounds and optimizing its cultivation techniques.