Dietary Selenium Supplementation Modulates Proliferative Gene Regulators Through Attenuating Cell Cycle Inhibition on Late G1/S Transition in Pre-Pubertal Goat Testis

Selenium (Se) is essential for normal gonadal improvement in prepubertal male goat. Thus hypothesized that dietary Se may influence late G1/S through M-phase gene networks in the testis, thereby advancing pre-pubertal testicular development via attenuation of inhibitory signals and modulation of late G1 cell-cycle regulators. The total of twenty animals, male goats (3 months old) weighing ~11 kg were arbitrarily given to a basal diet (Control; C, n = 10) or the same diet plus Se-yeast (SY; 0.3 mg/kg; n = 10) for 10 weeks. Basal Se concentration in control diet was 0.037 mg/kg (ICP‑OES Optima 2100‑DV, PerkinElmer). Transcript analysis indicated increases in cyclin E1, Cyclin dependent kinase-2 CDK‑2, cyclin B1, cyclin A, and Cyclin dependent kinase-1 CDK‑1 by 10.5 %, 12.6 %, 11.6 %, 24 %, and 24 %, respectively (P > 0.05), while the CDK inhibitor p‑21 was significantly reduced by 42 % (P < 0.05) in SY vs. C. Because controlled proliferation underpins tissue growth and homeostasis, the marked reduction of p‑21 suggests a mechanism through which Se facilitates regulated proliferation without promoting dysplasia. Collectively, organic Se supplementation appears to foster late G1-phase proliferative signaling by relieving cell-cycle inhibition, thereby supporting testicular development in pre-pubertal goats. The data suggest that Se supplementation level modulates proliferative gene expression, thereby attenuating cell cycle inhibition in pre-pubertal testes of male goat.