Genitourinary System Imaging with Low-Cost Portable Ultrasound Device in the Context of Telemedicine Implementation

Background: The integration of digital diagnostic tools is essential for strengthening telemedicine infrastructure, particularly in remote and resource-limited settings. Ultrasound is a promising imaging modality because of its noninvasive disposition, absence of ionizing radiation, and ability to provide rapid, real-time diagnostic information. Among the wide range of ultrasound systems, cost-effective and portable devices with acceptable diagnostic performance are needed to improve accessibility. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a commercially available low-cost portable ultrasound device, with a specific focus on imaging the genitourinary (GU) system. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023 and included 169 participants. Each participant underwent ultrasound examinations using both a low-cost portable ultrasound device and a conventional ultrasound machine, which served as the reference (gold) standard. The assessment included measurement of organ sizes and detecting pathological conditions in the kidneys, urinary bladder, uterus, ovaries, and prostate. Results: The portable ultrasound device demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for detecting renal cysts (98.7%), uterine masses (97.2%), polycystic ovaries (98.7%), and adnexal cystic lesions (96.3%). Relatively lower accuracy was observed for the detection of renal parenchymal disease (93.7%) and ovarian enlargement (91.5%). Agreement between the portable and conventional devices for organ size measurements showed moderate to strong correlations. The coefficients of determination (r2) for bipolar lengths of the right and left kidneys, uterine length, and uterine anteroposterior diameter were 0.5907, 0.6345, 0.8637, and 0.8444, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that low-cost portable ultrasound devices can provide acceptable performance for imaging of the GU system. Their integration into telemedicine and tele-ultrasound services could enhance diagnostic capabilities and improve access to essential imaging in resource-limited and underserved populations.