Intensity‐Dependent Inhibition of Single Pulse TMS on Stretch‐Evoked Long‐Latency Responses in the Flexor Carpi Radialis

ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can modulate corticospinal excitability during stretch‐evoked long‐latency responses (LLRs). It has been previously established that suprathreshold TMS intensities can partially inhibit the cortical contribution to LLRs by relying on a cortical silent period occurring after TMS. However, it is unknown whether the TMS‐induced inhibition of stretch‐evoked LLRs that relies on the cortical silent period can also be achieved via subthreshold stimulation. In this study, 12 healthy participants performed a protocol combining surface electromyography (EMG), robot‐evoked wrist perturbations, and single pulse TMS applied to the motor cortex to study the effect of TMS intensity on the LLR amplitude in the flexor carpi radialis. We tested two TMS intensities of subthreshold (90%) and suprathreshold (130%) of the active motor threshold applied such that the motor‐evoked potential (MEP) peak would arrive 50 ms prior to perturbation onset. In suprathreshold TMS trials, TMS significantly reduced the cortical contribution to a LLR when applied prior to perturbation onset. When comparing the effects measured in the presence and absence of robot‐applied muscle stretch, we observed that only suprathreshold conditions achieved inhibition of LLR, while subthreshold conditions did not result in LLR‐specific inhibition. Overall, our findings establish a clear distinction between the effect of subthreshold and suprathreshold TMS on the LLR inhibition via the cortical silent period. These findings highlight the application of TMS to induce cortical inhibition of LLRs.