Conflict-free scheduling of multi-load AGVs in smart factory logistics: a hybrid metaheuristic approach

This paper proposes an improved symbiotic organisms search algorithm (ISOSA) for the conflict-free scheduling of multi-load AGVs (CFMDSP&MLA) in smart factories. A mixed-integer programming model minimizes travel distance and time-window penalties. ISOSA integrates simulated annealing and local search to solve this NP-hard problem. Experiments confirm ISOSA outperforms existing methods in solution quality and efficiency.