Association between blood lipid levels, BMI, and hypertension among employees in petrochemical enterprises

Objective To assess the combined effects of dyslipidemia, lipid parameters, non-traditional lipid markers, and body mass index (BMI) on hypertension incidence among petrochemical workers. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed associations between lipid markers, BMI, and incident hypertension using multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Dose–response relationships were examined with restricted cubic spline models. Results Dyslipidemia was associated with increased hypertension risk, with stronger associations in men. Elevated TC, TG, and LDL-C were significantly associated with hypertension in men, whereas only TG was significant in women. High LDL-C independently increased hypertension risk in the total population and in men. Increasing quartiles of TC and TG showed clear linear dose–response relationships. In men, hypertension risk rose with the number of coexisting lipid abnormalities. Non-traditional lipid markers (non-HDL-C, TG/HDL-C ratio, and TyG index) were positively associated with hypertension and exhibited linear dose–response patterns. Overweight and obesity further increased risk, particularly when combined with dyslipidemia. Conclusion Adverse lipid profiles, non-traditional lipid markers, and excess body weight are important determinants of hypertension risk in this occupational cohort.