Degradation-Aware Power Allocation and Power-Matching Control in an Off-Grid Wind–Hydrogen System

Wind power-to-hydrogen has emerged as an important pathway for the large-scale utilization of renewable energy. However, the inherent intermittency and randomness of wind power pose significant challenges to power balance and stable operation in off-grid wind–hydrogen systems. To address these issues, this paper investigates coordinated control strategies for an off-grid wind-powered hydrogen production system. On the wind turbine side, a rotor-speed droop control strategy based on wind speed input is proposed to regulate the turbine power output and mitigate power fluctuations caused by wind variations. On the electrolyzer side, a degradation-aware power allocation strategy is developed for multiple proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), considering their voltage degradation characteristics under different operating conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively enhances system performance and operational stability under off-grid conditions. The overall system efficiency is improved by 5%, while the RMS deviation of the DC bus voltage is reduced by 17.31%, indicating improved power balance and smoother operation of the off-grid wind–hydrogen system.