Measurement of air logistics efficiency in western China

The aviation logistics industry serves as a key driver of regional economic development, and its operational efficiency is shaped by a multitude of complex factors.This study aims to scientifically identify the drivers for improving aviation logistics efficiency in western China. To this end, a three-stage DEA model combined with Malmquist index analysis is applied to measure the efficiency across 12 western provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities from 2013 to 2021. The selection of environmental variables is based on a framework comprising three dimensions: economic development, industrial structure, and the level of openness to the global economy. SFA regression is applied to strip away the effects of environmental and random factors, thus allowing for an examination of the genuine efficiency levels and their dynamic characteristics over time. Results point to a general rise, albeit with fluctuations, in the western region's aviation logistics efficiency, which is accompanied by considerable regional differences.While Chongqing, Yunnan, and Sichuan have remained at the forefront in terms of efficiency, inadequate scale efficiency has emerged as the key limitation hindering progress in several other provinces. Technological progress and enhanced management capabilities serve as primary drivers for the growth of total factor productivity.This research offers both a conceptual foundation and practical insights for policy, aimed at optimizing aviation logistics resource allocation and fostering coordinated regional development in western China.