<b>DA COP1 À COP30: EFETIVIDADE NORMATIVA E LIMITES DA COERCITIVIDADE NO DIREITO AMBIENTAL INTERNACIONAL DO CLIMA</b>

This article examines the evolution of the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) within the framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), from the inaugural edition in Berlin (1995) to COP30 in Belém (2025). The main focus is to assess the normative effectiveness and the limits of coercion in International Environmental Law related to climate, investigating the extent to which the decisions adopted at the COPs translate into concrete legal obligations and tangible results in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through a methodology based on bibliographic and documentary research, with a critical legal approach, the study addresses the theoretical debate on the legal nature of climate instruments, oscillating between soft law and hard law. The analysis includes the architecture of the Paris Agreement, its implementation mechanisms, and its compliance standards, cross-referencing the normative basis with empirical data from reports such as the Emissions Gap Report of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which reveal a persistent gap between the commitments made and the measures needed for climate action. The conclusion points out that, despite institutional advances and increased normative density, the international climate regime still faces structural difficulties regarding coerciveness, remaining largely dependent on the political will of States to achieve the effective implementation of its goals.