Junior High School Students’ Perceptions of Practical Science Learning in Organic Waste Management: Implications for Environmental Awareness and the Green Economy

Organic waste management is a critical component of the transition toward a green economy, which seeks to balance economic growth, environmental sustainability, and social well-being. Although organic waste can be converted into valuable products such as compost and biogas, much of it remains unmanaged, causing environmental problems. In this context, science education plays an important role in developing ecological awareness from an early age, particularly through laboratory-based activities that provide direct and meaningful learning experiences. This study examines the implementation of science practicum activities related to organic waste management in junior high schools, focusing on their frequency, clarity of guidelines, and existing constraints, while also analyzing students’ perceptions, interests, and understanding of value-added waste within a green economy framework. A quantitative descriptive survey was conducted with 1,240 students from 21 schools, and data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive statistics. The results indicate that practicum implementation is not yet optimal: 13.23% of students reported never participating in practicum activities, 37.42% found the guidelines unclear, and 68.39% had difficulty understanding the material. The main challenges include limited time, inadequate facilities, and inconsistent guidance. Nevertheless, students showed strong interest, particularly in outdoor activities (26.8%) and computer simulations (22.9%), while most students recognized both the importance of practicum activities (62.58%) and the economic potential of waste (65.5%). These findings highlight the need for standardized practicum modules, improved facilities, and teacher training, as well as the development of contextual and technology-integrated learning approaches.