Factores de riesgo ergonómicos relacionados a puestos de trabajos en oficina: una revisión sistemática

The objective of this study was to identify the main ergonomic risks affecting administrative personnel, their consequences on occupational health, and the preventive measures adopted. The PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed, and the PICO framework was applied to structure the research questions. A total of 33 studies published between 2000 and 2025 were identified in scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO), meeting specific inclusion criteria. The narrative synthesis grouped the results into four categories: physical, organizational, technological/environmental, and psychosocial risks. The findings revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), visual fatigue, and mental workload, associated with factors such as prolonged postures, non-adjustable furniture, continuous screen exposure, and inadequate working conditions, particularly in telework contexts. The most effective interventions included adjustable workstations, active breaks, and participatory ergonomics strategies. However, the implementation of such interventions remains limited in Latin America, where research is predominantly descriptive. Regional, methodological, and practical application gaps were identified, highlighting the urgent need to strengthen public policies, institutional programs, and regulatory frameworks in occupational health.