The Influence of Meteorological Factors on Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Prediction Model For Rainwater Acidity Based On Their Concentrations in Jakarta City

In the last few decades, rapid industrial growth and increasing urban traffic density have caused air quality problems, including in Jakarta. One indicator of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain occurs due to pollutants in the form of SO 2 and NO 2 reacting with water (H 2 O). The impact of acid rain, among other things, can damage soil fertility, affect the quality of human life, and damage objects and infrastructure. This research aims to analyze the distribution of SO 2 and NO 2 spatially and temporally and create a rainwater acidity model based on the distribution of SO 2 and NO 2 in Jakarta. The distribution of SO 2 and NO 2 was obtained using remote sensing techniques using Sentinel 5P Satellite imagery. Processing is carried out using GEE. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it is known that the spatial distribution of SO 2 is influenced by rainfall and is not influenced by wind speed. Meanwhile, the distribution of NO 2 is significantly influenced by rainfall and wind speed. Temporally, the distribution of SO 2 in 2023 has the highest value in June, and the distribution of NO 2 has the highest value in August. The prediction model for rainwater acidity levels was obtained based on the distribution of SO 2 and NO 2 in 2023 in Jakarta. The results of multiple linear regression show a correlation between rainwater acidity and the distribution of SO 2 and NO 2 . The correlation coefficient is (-) 0.7305, which means the correlation is in the strong category. The negative correlation explains that the higher the levels of SO 2 and NO 2 , the more acidic the rainwater will be. A value of 13% was obtained in the MAPE calculation, which means the prediction model is included in the good category and can be used to predict rainwater acidity in Jakarta.