Heat Transfer Characteristics of Darcy-Bénard Convection Under the Combined Influence of Pressure Gradient and Thermal Non-Equilibrium

This study deals with the effect of the pressure gradient on the onset of the Darcy-Bénard convection of water-copper nanoliquid-saturated porous layer and on the amount of heat transport. The present study assumes thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) between the solid and liquid phases. The LTNE assumption results in an advanced onset of convection and an increase in heat transport compared with local thermal equilibrium (LTE) assumption. The influence of the pressure gradient, interphase heat transfer coefficient and ratio of thermal conductivities on the convection onset and heat transport are presented graphically. The classical results of the LTE case were obtained as a limiting case of the LTNE case for small values of H and large values of H, γ and γH .