Multi-layer controlled and multi-output quantum teleportation of unknown single-qubit states

Abstract We propose two schemes for realizing multi-output quantum teleportation of arbitrary unknown single-qubit and single-qudit states, respectively, under a multi-layer control structure. Nine-particle entangled quantum channels are constructed in two-dimensional and d-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and a hierarchical control mechanism is designed to enable controllers with different authorization levels to collaboratively and selectively influence the reconstruction of quantum states at multiple receivers. Firstly, based on the constructed two-dimensional nine-qubit entangled channel, a deterministic multi-layer controlled multi-output teleportation scheme is proposed and its performance is analyzed. The results show that the protocol achieves unit success probability, possesses good universality and scalability, and can effectively defend against unauthorized access and eavesdropping. Finally, the scheme is extended from qubits to arbitrary dimensional qudits, providing theoretical support for building secure and scalable multi-user quantum communication networks.