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Background. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in Lithuania is a significant public health issue, as inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to the spread of resistant bacteria. Despite educational initiatives, self-medication habits persist, contributing to increasing antibiotic resistance, which prolongs hospital stays and necessitates the development and selection of new antibiotics for treatment. Purpose – to compare the results of identical surveys conducted in 2014 and 2025 and to assess differences in self-medication with antibiotics among different social groups and genders. The study also aimed to evaluate the knowledge and behavior of individuals related to irrational antibiotic use and self-medication in Lithuania. Materials and Methods. A unique questionnaire was developed consisting of five sections. approval was obtained from the Bioethics Center of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients at the Outpatient Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Hospital. Results. In 2014, 598 respondents participated in the study (response rate – 93%), and in 2025, 306 respondents participated (response rate – 85%). Self-medication with antibiotics decreased from 38% in 2014 to 18.7% in 2025. The misconception that antibiotics are effective against viral infections decreased from 42.8 to 26.9%, but was still more prevalent among men (p < 0.05). The use of leftover antibiotics from previous treatments increased (74.7 vs. 38%), while obtaining antibiotics without a prescription decreased (16.5 vs. 24.9%). There was also a reduction in promoting self-medication: fewer respondents advised others to self-medicate with antibiotics (13.4 vs. 37.3%), shared medications (16.2 vs. 26.8%), or gave antibiotics to children without medical advice (7.7 vs. 10.5%). Conclusions. Over the past decade, the situation regarding self-medication with antibiotics has significantly improved.