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RAW DATA FILE Filename: Weights and sizes of all benthic samples (raw data file)_V2.xlsxDescription: Raw data of macro- and megabenthic samples used in the analyses. The table includes 492 samples, listing for each the sample and station number, collection coordinates (latitude and longitude), taxonomic identification (Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species), measured morphometrics (Carapax length, body diameter, disk diameter, outer diameter (across disk & arms), body length), body size (Size) [mm], wet mass (WM) [g], dry mass (DM) [g], and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) [g]. DATASET 1: Weight-to-Weight Conversion Factors Filename: Weight-to-Weight Conversion Factors Benthos_V2.xlsx Description: This dataset provides weight-to-weight slopes (conversion factors) between wet mass (WM) [g], dry mass (DM) [g], and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) [g] for 43 macro- and mega-benthic families. The dataset includes taxonomic information (Phylum, Family, Genus) for each benthic taxon. The slopes were derived by including the WM, DM, or AFDM of all samples collected per family. For each family, the column “N” indicates the total number of individuals used. The column “Confidence (C)” indicates the reliability of each slope using coloured circles: red = low, blue = high. Confidence is based on sample size (N), squared R values (R²) and p-value from linear regressions or Spearman correlations (low: N < 5, R² < 0.7, p-values > 0.05; high: N ≥ 5, R² > 0.7, p-values < 0.05). Each slope of a family includes R² and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The column “p-value” indicates the p-value from linear regression for each family; when assumptions were violated, Spearman rank correlation p-values are reported (underlined) (significance: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns – not significant). These data enable reliable conversion between different biomass measures and support ecological, biogeochemical, and biodiversity studies in benthic research. DATASET 2: Body size-to-weight Conversion factors Filename: Body size-to-weight Conversion factors Benthos_V2.xlsx Description: This dataset provides weight-to-body size slopes (conversion factors) between wet mass (WM) [g], dry mass (DM) [g], and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) [g] and body size morphometrics (Carapax length, body diameter, disk diameter, outer diameter (across disk & arms), body length) [mm] for 43 macro- and mega-benthic families. The dataset includes taxonomic information (Phylum, Family, Genus) for each benthic taxon. The slopes were derived by including the WM, DM, or AFDM and body size morphometrics of 490 collected samples (two outliers excluded). For each family, the column “N” indicates the total number of individuals used. The column “Confidence (C)” indicates the reliability of each slope using coloured circles: red = low, blue = high. Confidence is based on sample size (N), squared R values (R²) and p-value from linear regressions or Spearman correlations (low: N < 5, R² < 0.7, p-values > 0.05; high: N ≥ 5, R2 > 0.7, p-values < 0.05). Each slope of a family includes R² and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). The column “p-value” indicates the p-value from linear regression for each family; when assumptions were violated, Spearman rank correlation p-values are reported (underlined) (significance: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, ns – not significant). These data enable reliable conversion between different biomass and body size measures and support ecological, biogeochemical, and biodiversity studies in benthic research. R-Scripts R-Script filename: Conversion factors between biomasses (weight-to-weight)_V2.RDescription & Methods: This script calculates mass-slopes (conversion factors) for 43 benthic invertebrate families by deriving regression slopes between the three mass types: wet mass (WM) to dry mass (DM), wet mass to ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and dry mass to ash-free dry mass. Analyses were performed in R (version 2024.04.0+735) using the functions lm() and coef() from the stats package (R Core Team, 2022). R-Script filename: Conversion factors between body-size and biomasses (body size-to-weight)_V2.R Description & Methods: This script calculates size-to-mass slopes (conversion factors) for 43 benthic invertebrate families by determining regression slopes between body size (Size) and three mass types: wet mass (WM), dry mass (DM), and ash-free dry mass (AFDM). Analyses were performed in R (version 2024.04.0+735) using the functions lm() and coef() from the stats package (R Core Team, 2022). R-Script filename: Shapiro Wilk and Breusch Pagan Test.R Description & Methods: With this script model residuals were used to assess whether data fitted the assumptions of the six linear regression models between wet mass (WM), dry mass (DM), ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and body size (Size) for each of the 43 sampled families. Normality of each variable was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test (shapiro.test()) from the stats package. Homoscedasticity was tested using the Breusch-Pagan test (ncvTest()) with the car package. Analyses were performed in R (version 2024.04.0+735) (R Core Team, 2022). Variables failing the assumptions (Breusch-Pagan p < 0.05 or Shapiro–Wilk p < 0.05) were flagged as violating parametric assumptions, guiding the subsequent use of non-parametric analyses (Spearman rank correlations) in downstream analyses. R-Script filename: Spearman Ranks Correlation between body weight and body weight_V2.R Description & Methods: This script performs Spearman rank correlation tests to assess the relationships between wet mass (WM), dry mass (DM), and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of the 43 benthic families. Analyses were performed in R (version 2024.04.0+735) using the function core.test() and the method spearman from the stats package (R Core Team, 2022). R-Script filename: Spearman Ranks Correlation between biomass (body weight) and body size_V2.R Description & Methods: This script performs Spearman rank correlation tests to assess the relationships between body size (Size) and three mass types: wet mass (WM), dry mass (DM), and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) of the 43 benthic families. Analyses were performed in R (version 2024.04.0+735) using the function core.test() and the method spearman from the stats package (R Core Team, 2022).