Genome-wide identification and characterization of the SAL1 Gene family in wheat

The Sal1 gene, known for its inositol 3’ (2’), 5’-bisphosphate nucleotidase and polyphosphate-1-phosphatase activity, is essential for regulating plant architecture and enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Despite its significance, an extensive examination of the Sal1 family of genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has not been reported previously. In the present study, we aimed to identify and characterize the TaSal1 gene family, as well as investigate its expression across different tissues and developmental stages. Using a genome-wide approach, we identified 15 TaSal1 genes, which were classified into four sub-clades based on phylogenetic analysis and mapped across chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 in the A, B, and D genomes. The gene structure, analysis of synteny, and motif conservation provided insight into their evolutionary and functional roles. Gene ontology analysis revealed their involvement in diverse biological processes, while cis-regulatory elements suggested that the genes are associated with abiotic stress, hormone response, and light regulation. We also identified nine putative miRNAs that target TaSal1 genes, highlighting their impact on plant growth and development. In silico expression analysis revealed significant expression of TaSal1.1 in the peduncle during the spike stage, with TaSal1.1, TaSal1.2, and TaSal1.12 showing high to moderate expression across various stages. Our investigation provides important insights into the TaSal1 gene family in wheat, laying the foundation for future functional research.