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Spanish-Romanian bilingual lexicography has experienced a late and uneven development compared to that of other European languages. Although interactions between Spanish and Romanian speakers date back to the Middle Ages, historical, political, and sociocultural factors delayed the emergence of Spanish-Romanian lexicography until the mid-20th century. From that point on, the growing interest in Spanish in Romania and the strengthening of the country’s ties with the Spanish-speaking world spurred the production of bilingual dictionaries. However, at present, we are facing a period of stagnation, with challenges such as the lack of digitization of previous works and the need to adapt to the standards of contemporary electronic lexicography. This study is part of a broader research project aimed at analyzing the historical evolution and describing the current state of Spanish-Romanian bilingual lexicography, in order to establish a foundation for designing future electronic dictionaries and translation tools suited to today’s needs. Therefore, in this first phase, dictionaries published from the first Romanian-Spanish bilingual dictionary up to the present have been reviewed and compared. In recent decades, Spanish-Romanian bilingual lexicography has made significant progress thanks to Romania’s openness to the Spanish-speaking world and the increasing importance of Spanish within its educational system. Nevertheless, it remains an underexplored area within Hispanic lexicography and continues to face challenges in its transition to digital formats.