Phenotypic Trends and Molecular Mechanisms of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Antibiotic Resistance in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review

The available evidence indicates a high and increasing burden of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in Bangladesh, particularly to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. These findings highlight the need for updated, evidence-informed treatment strategies and expanded molecular surveillance to support effective eradication therapy.