The Interplay between Government Policies and Regulations, Adoption Challenges, and Strategies for Effective Adoption of CNG Vehicles in Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania

This study examined the policy and legal framework, key challenges, and strategies to enhance the adoption of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. The study employed a cross-sectional approach. The research combined quantitative data from vehicle-owner surveys with qualitative insights from interviews with stakeholders in the natural gas industry, transport operators, and policymakers, with a sample size of 385. The quantitative analysis utilised inferential statistics, including multiple response analysis and linear regression. Findings revealed the absence of clear policies and regulations that directly aim to promote CNG adoption and to build strong awareness of CNG's benefits; however, concerns about vehicle compatibility, maintenance support, and specific strategies were raised. Government policies are critical in promoting CNG adoption, with subsidies and stricter emissions regulations identified as significant motivators. However, public awareness campaigns were found to be limited and ineffective, indicating insufficient education about CNG's advantages. Key challenges, including high conversion costs, inadequate refuelling infrastructure, and a shortage of trained technicians, were identified. Proposed strategies include increasing investment in infrastructure development and enhancing training programs for mechanics. This study emphasises the need for collaboration between government entities and private sector stakeholders to facilitate broader CNG adoption in Dar es Salaam, thereby advancing towards a more sustainable transportation system that improves air quality and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.